CreateWindow子窗口

CreateWindow是Windows API中的一个函数，用于创建一个窗口并返回一个窗口句柄。该函数可用于创建主窗口、子窗口、对话框以及控件等。本文将重点介绍CreateWindow创建子窗口的方法及案例。

一、CreateWindow创建子窗口的方法

1. 定义父窗口

在使用CreateWindow之前，必须先定义父窗口。父窗口是指容纳子窗口的窗口，可以是主窗口或其他子窗口。定义父窗口需要使用CreateWindow创建窗口并返回窗口句柄。

例如，创建一个主窗口：

```c++

HWND hwnd;

hwnd = CreateWindow(

TEXT("MainWndClass"),

TEXT("Main Window"),

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

640, 480,

NULL, NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

```

2. 声明子窗口类

使用CreateWindow创建子窗口之前，需要先声明一个子窗口类。子窗口类是用于注册子窗口的类，在创建子窗口时将其关联到该类。

例如，声明一个子窗口类：

```c++

WCHAR szChildClass[] = TEXT("Child_Class");

WNDCLASSEX wcexChild;

wcexChild.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

wcexChild.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

wcexChild.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc;

wcexChild.cbClsExtra = 0;

wcexChild.cbWndExtra = 0;

wcexChild.hInstance = hInstance;

wcexChild.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

wcexChild.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

wcexChild.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);

wcexChild.lpszMenuName = NULL;

wcexChild.lpszClassName = szChildClass;

wcexChild.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcexChild))

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("注册子窗口类失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

```

3. 创建子窗口

使用CreateWindow创建子窗口需要指定该窗口的父窗口、子窗口类及风格等参数。

例如，创建一个包含一个编辑框的子窗口：

```c++

HWND hwndChild;

hwndChild = CreateWindow(

szChildClass,

TEXT("Child Window"),

WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_LEFT | ES_AUTOHSCROLL,

50, 50,

200, 20,

hwnd,

NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

```

二、CreateWindow创建子窗口的案例

下面是一个完整的使用CreateWindow创建子窗口的样例程序，包含一个主窗口和两个子窗口。其中一个子窗口是包含一个编辑框和一个按钮的对话框，另一个子窗口是一个静态文本框。

```c++

#include

#include

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

INT_PTR CALLBACK DialogProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

const WCHAR szMainClass[] = TEXT("Main_Class");

WCHAR szChildClass[] = TEXT("Child_Class");

const WCHAR szDialogClass[] = TEXT("Dialog_Class");

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)

{

HWND hwnd;

MSG msg;

WNDCLASSEX wcex;

// 主窗口类

wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;

wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;

wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;

wcex.hInstance = hInstance;

wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);

wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;

wcex.lpszClassName = szMainClass;

wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("注册主窗口类失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

// 子窗口类

WNDCLASSEX wcexChild;

wcexChild.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

wcexChild.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

wcexChild.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc;

wcexChild.cbClsExtra = 0;

wcexChild.cbWndExtra = 0;

wcexChild.hInstance = hInstance;

wcexChild.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

wcexChild.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

wcexChild.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);

wcexChild.lpszMenuName = NULL;

wcexChild.lpszClassName = szChildClass;

wcexChild.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcexChild))

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("注册子窗口类失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

// 对话框类

WNDCLASSEX wcexDialog;

wcexDialog.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

wcexDialog.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

wcexDialog.lpfnWndProc = DefDlgProc;

wcexDialog.cbClsExtra = 0;

wcexDialog.cbWndExtra = DLGWINDOWEXTRA;

wcexDialog.hInstance = hInstance;

wcexDialog.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

wcexDialog.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

wcexDialog.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);

wcexDialog.lpszMenuName = NULL;

wcexDialog.lpszClassName = szDialogClass;

wcexDialog.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);

if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcexDialog))

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("注册对话框类失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

// 创建主窗口

hwnd = CreateWindow(

szMainClass,

TEXT("CreateWindow子窗口案例"),

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

640, 480,

NULL, NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

if (!hwnd)

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("创建主窗口失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

// 创建第一个子窗口

HWND hwndChild1;

hwndChild1 = CreateWindow(

szChildClass,

TEXT("Child Window 1"),

WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,

20, 20,

200, 60,

hwnd,

NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

if (!hwndChild1)

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("创建子窗口失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

HWND hwndStatic1;

hwndStatic1 = CreateWindow(

TEXT("STATIC"),

TEXT("这是一个静态文本框。"),

WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | SS_CENTER,

10, 10,

180, 20,

hwndChild1,

NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

if (!hwndStatic1)

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("创建静态文本框失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

// 创建第二个子窗口（作为对话框）

HWND hwndChild2;

hwndChild2 = CreateWindow(

szChildClass,

TEXT("Child Window 2"),

WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,

20, 100,

200, 80,

hwnd,

NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

if (!hwndChild2)

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("创建子窗口失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

HWND hwndButton;

hwndButton = CreateWindow(

TEXT("BUTTON"),

TEXT("打开对话框"),

WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,

10, 10,

120, 30,

hwndChild2,

NULL,

hInstance,

NULL

);

if (!hwndButton)

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("创建按钮失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);

UpdateWindow(hwnd);

// 主消息循环

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))

{

if (!IsDialogMessage(hwndDialog, &msg))

{

TranslateMessage(&msg);

DispatchMessage(&msg);

}

}

return (int)msg.wParam;

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

switch (message)

{

case WM_DESTROY:

PostQuitMessage(0);

break;

default:

return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);

}

return 0;

}

LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

switch (message)

{

case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC:

if ((HWND)lParam == hwndStatic1)

{

SetTextColor((HDC)wParam, RGB(255, 0, 0));

SetBkColor((HDC)wParam, RGB(255, 255, 255));

return (INT_PTR)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255, 255, 255));

}

break;

case WM_CREATE:

hwndStatic1 = CreateWindow(

TEXT("STATIC"),

TEXT("这是一个静态文本框。"),

WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | SS_CENTER,

10, 10,

180, 20,

hwnd,

NULL,

(HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),

NULL

);

if (!hwndStatic1)

{

MessageBox(NULL,

TEXT("创建静态文本框失败！"),

TEXT("错误"),

MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);

return 0;

}

break;

case WM_COMMAND:

if (lParam == (LPARAM)hwndButton)

{

DialogBox((HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),

MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1),

hwnd,

DialogProc);

break;

}

break;

default:

return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);

}

return 0;

}

INT_PTR CALLBACK DialogProc(HWND hwndDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

switch (uMsg)

{

case WM_INITDIALOG:

return TRUE;

case WM_COMMAND:

switch (LOWORD(wParam))

{

case IDOK:

case IDCANCEL:

EndDialog(hwndDlg, LOWORD(wParam));

return TRUE;

}

break;

}

return FALSE;

}

```

在该程序中，通过CreateWindow创建了一个主窗口和两个子窗口。其中一个子窗口是包含一个编辑框和一个按钮的对话框，另一个子窗口是一个静态文本框。程序运行后，界面如下图所示：


点击“打开对话框”按钮，会弹出一个对话框，如下图所示：


三、总结

本文介绍了使用CreateWindow创建子窗口的方法及案例，包括定义父窗口、声明子窗口类及创建子窗口等操作。在实际应用中，可以根据需要调整子窗口的风格、位置、大小等参数，并添加对应的消息处理函数，实现更丰富的界面效果。 如果你喜欢我们三七知识分享网站的文章， 欢迎您分享或收藏知识分享网站文章 欢迎您到我们的网站逛逛喔！https://www.37seo.cn/